The Antarctic Petrel | The Distinctly Graceful Bird of Antarctica
With a diverse range of 100 species divided into four families, the role of petrels in marine ecosystems is crucial. While it is not as famous as its cousin - the iconic snow petrel - the Antarctic petrel is a distinctly graceful bird. Besides, researchers have marked it as a key species for monitoring the health of Antarctic ecology.
When whaling ships visited Antarctica in the previous century, they often found flocks of these petrels over the ship. Even today, Antarctic petrels are seen flying over a ship’s superstructure.
Where to find Antarctic petrels
While the extreme weather of the Southern Ocean makes adventurers and sailors wary, it is home ground for the Antarctic petrel. It is found in the coastal belts around the Southern Ocean, the Ross and Weddell Seas, and the Antarctic islands. Since they prefer long-haul flights, these petrels can be seen on the Falklands, and even in Australia or New Zealand.
One Antarctica fact that you may know is that the continent is a harsh, cold desert. Even so, the Antarctic petrel is one of the few birds that can be seen on rocky slopes and cliff faces in inland Antarctica. For example, the Svarthamaren seabird colony is located 200 km inland in Antarctica.
How to identify an Antarctic petrel
The adult Antarctic petrel has a chocolate-brown head, back, and sides. The wings and tails are white with brown edges and the underside is white. The contrasting pattern of dark and white makes a flying petrel look striking. At the end of the summer, the dark feathers turn pale brown.
The adult birds are 40-45 cm long, with a wingspan of around 100–110 cm. The average weight of an Antarctic petrel is between 650-700 grams.
Antarctic petrel diet and feeding
Antarctic petrels feed on krill, fish, and small squid and can plunge to depths of 1.5 metres to catch the prey. They are found foraging in open waters and also in dense sea ice.
How fast do Antarctic petrels fly?
While they are not the fastest, the Antarctic petrel is not a slow bird. Their flight speed is between 15 and 20 meters per second.
The social nature of Antarctic petrels
The Antarctic petrels are social birds and form large breeding colonies that are densely packed. A single colony can contain as many as 200,000 breeding pairs. At times, the colonies also have other birds like Cape petrels and snow petrels. While visiting Antarctica, you can also see flocks of the Antarctic petrel on icebergs.
Lifespan
Antarctic petrels can live as long as 15 years or even more. Estimates suggest that the total number of Antarctic petrels is between 10 and 20 million. As per the IUCN, they are a species of least concern.
Natural Predators
Adult Antarctic petrels have no direct predators. However, their eggs and the young birds are common targets of South Polar skuas. While skuas prey on Antarctic petrel eggs and chicks, they face a unique challenge—adult petrels defend themselves by projecting foul-smelling stomach oil that can mat the skuas' feathers, compromising their ability to fly and stay warm in the harsh Antarctic climate.
Breeding
The breeding period for Antarctic petrels is October and November. The female birds lay a single egg and both members of the pair incubate the egg for 42-47 days. The eggs hatch in early January and the parents keep caring for the chick till fledging occurs in late February.
Planning your trip to Antarctica
Even though penguins remain the prime attraction among the animals in Antarctica, there are other amazing seabird species on the white continent. For photographers, capturing albatrosses and petrels in a perfect frame can be a challenge. So, getting accustomed to focus tracking is a must and crossing the Drake Passage offers the perfect opportunity assuming the waves aren’t too rough.
While on a Small Ship Expedition to Antarctica, speak to the guides to get more insights about the bird species you encounter. At all times, make sure to respect the wildlife and follow the guidelines provided by your guides.
Visit Antarctica with Secret Atlas
A journey to Antarctica with Secret Atlas is an immersive experience combining dramatic landscapes and untamed wilderness. Our expeditions on a small ship allow you to get intimate with the wild side of nature without feeling restricted by itineraries.
To learn more about our Antarctic expeditions, talk to us or go through our brochure.
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